Widely acknowledged as one of conceptual art’s founding artists, and a rare woman amid that canon, Hanne Darboven offered a unique and fascinating voice in the turn to structural systems in the art of the late 1960s onward.

Hanne Darboven – Six Books on 1968 – Los Angeles

Hanne Darboven
Sechs Bücher über 1968 / Six books on 1968, 1969
6 x 16mm films, black and white, no sound
approx. 15 min each
Edition 2/8 (+2 AP)

Photo: Robert Wedemeyer

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Hanne Darboven – Six Books on 1968 – Los Angeles

Hanne Darboven
Sechs Bücher über 1968 / Six books on 1968, 1969
6 x 16mm films, black and white, no sound
approx. 15 min each
Edition 2/8 (+2 AP)

Photo: Robert Wedemeyer

Hanne Darboven
Sechs Bücher über 1968 / Six books on 1968, 1969
6 x 16mm films, black and white, no sound
approx. 15 min each
Edition 2/8 (+2 AP)

Photo: Robert Wedemeyer

Details
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The artist's first film work, Six Books on 1968 (1969) is recognized as a groundbreaking installation that is key to grasping Darboven's overall process and artistic ethos. After studying painting at Hochschule für Bildende Künste in Hamburg, in 1966 Darboven moved to New York, where she quickly entered conceptual art circles and befriended Sol LeWitt, On Kawara and Joseph Kosuth, among others.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Hanne Darboven – Six Books on 1968 – Los Angeles

Hanne Darboven
Konstruktion/Perforation New York (Construction/Perforation New York), 1966/67
Pencil and ballpoint pen on graph paper, perforated
66.7 × 61 cm
26 1/4 × 24 inches

Hanne Darboven – Six Books on 1968 – Los Angeles

Hanne Darboven
Untitled, 1971
Ink and felt pen on graph paper
61 sheets, 31.3 × 22.7 × 2.5 cm each (framed)
61 sheets, 12 1/4 × 9 × 1 inches each (framed)

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By the time she returned to Hamburg in 1968, she had developed her Konstruktionen (constructions), a method of translating time into handwritten, systematic calculations on graph paper that was a major structuring component of her subsequent works. Taking the first day of January 1968, for instance, the artist breaks down the calendar date 1/1/68 into 1 + 1 + 6 + 8; the resulting 16, often followed by the notation "K," or "K-value," serves as a shorthand for the date, or "Konstruktionen," respectively. Darboven’s calculations chart the time that passes over days, months and years, and thereby convert time from its usual continuous flow into methodical computations divorced from the nuances and narratives of lived time.

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Hanne Darboven – Six Books on 1968 – Los Angeles

Hanne Darboven
Konstruktion/Perforation New York (Construction/Perforation New York), 1966/67
Pencil and ballpoint pen on graph paper, perforated
66.7 × 61 cm
26 1/4 × 24 inches

Hanne Darboven
Konstruktion/Perforation New York (Construction/Perforation New York), 1966/67
Pencil and ballpoint pen on graph paper, perforated
66.7 × 61 cm
26 1/4 × 24 inches

Hanne Darboven – Six Books on 1968 – Los Angeles

Hanne Darboven
Untitled, 1971
Ink and felt pen on graph paper
61 sheets, 31.3 × 22.7 × 2.5 cm each (framed)
61 sheets, 12 1/4 × 9 × 1 inches each (framed)

Hanne Darboven
Untitled, 1971
Ink and felt pen on graph paper
61 sheets, 31.3 × 22.7 × 2.5 cm each (framed)
61 sheets, 12 1/4 × 9 × 1 inches each (framed)

Hanne Darboven – Six Books on 1968 – Los Angeles
Hanne Darboven – Six Books on 1968 – Los Angeles

Hanne Darboven
Untitled, 1971 (detail)

Hanne Darboven
Untitled, 1971 (detail)

Hanne Darboven – Six Books on 1968 – Los Angeles
Hanne Darboven – Six Books on 1968 – Los Angeles

Hanne Darboven
Untitled, 1971 (detail)

Hanne Darboven
Untitled, 1971 (detail)

Details
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1 of 2

By the time she returned to Hamburg in 1968, she had developed her Konstruktionen (constructions), a method of translating time into handwritten, systematic calculations on graph paper that was a major structuring component of her subsequent works. Taking the first day of January 1968, for instance, the artist breaks down the calendar date 1/1/68 into 1 + 1 + 6 + 8; the resulting 16, often followed by the notation "K," or "K-value," serves as a shorthand for the date, or "Konstruktionen," respectively. Darboven’s calculations chart the time that passes over days, months and years, and thereby convert time from its usual continuous flow into methodical computations divorced from the nuances and narratives of lived time.

“I built up something by having disturbed something: destruction becomes construction. Action interrupts contemplation, as the means of accepting something among many given alternatives, for accepting nothing becomes chaos. A system became necessary: how else could I in a concentrated way find something of interest which lends itself to continuation?” –Hanne Darboven

Hanne Darboven – Six Books on 1968 – Los Angeles

Live in Your Head: When Attitudes Become Form, installation view, Kunsthalle Bern, Germany, 1969. Photo: Harry Shunk

Six Books on 1968 was Darboven's first major work to deploy this method of marking time. Across six voluminous books, she presented six different ways to calculate and thus "depict" the year 1968, each circumscribed physically and conceptually by the grid of the graph paper. The artist's handwriting unifies the project visually, bringing order and logic to what was a decidedly disordered and difficult year: the murders of Martin Luther King Jr. and Robert F. Kennedy in the United States; the Tet Offensive during the Vietnam War; the rise, and fall, of the Prague Spring; the West German student movement and the May '68 protests in Paris and around the world.

Darboven does not ask us to forget these events, but rather to surrender to a different, unifying form of perception. The work was included early on in several international exhibitions, including Live in Your Head: When Attitudes Become Form, famously curated by Harald Szeemann at Kunsthalle Bern in 1969.

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Hanne Darboven – Six Books on 1968 – Los Angeles

Live in Your Head: When Attitudes Become Form, installation view, Kunsthalle Bern, Germany, 1969. Photo: Harry Shunk

Six Books on 1968 was Darboven's first major work to deploy this method of marking time. Across six voluminous books, she presented six different ways to calculate and thus "depict" the year 1968, each circumscribed physically and conceptually by the grid of the graph paper. The artist's handwriting unifies the project visually, bringing order and logic to what was a decidedly disordered and difficult year: the murders of Martin Luther King Jr. and Robert F. Kennedy in the United States; the Tet Offensive during the Vietnam War; the rise, and fall, of the Prague Spring; the West German student movement and the May '68 protests in Paris and around the world.

Darboven does not ask us to forget these events, but rather to surrender to a different, unifying form of perception. The work was included early on in several international exhibitions, including Live in Your Head: When Attitudes Become Form, famously curated by Harald Szeemann at Kunsthalle Bern in 1969.

With assistance from the German media artist Claus Böhmler, Darboven soon translated this project into film, producing the six-channel, cinematic rendering of Six Books on 1968 (1969) on view in this exhibition.

First realized for an exhibition at Städtisches Museum Mönchengladbach in 1969 (today Museum Abteiberg), the work utilizes six 16mm projectors, each of which display the consecutive pages of one of the six books, pulsing to a black screen between each page like the beat of a metronome or strobe light. Darboven's calculations flash momentarily before our eyes as we attempt to discern their logic and progression.

Hanne Darboven – Six Books on 1968 – Los Angeles

Box catalog of the Städtisches Museum Mönchengladbach 1969 (detail). Archive of the Hanne Darboven Foundation, Hamburg.

Hanne Darboven – Six Books on 1968 – Los Angeles

Hanne Darboven during the premiere of her film Six books on 1968, Städtisches Museum Möchengladbach, 1969
Archive of the Hanne Darboven Foundation, Hamburg. Photo: Alfred Weber

Hanne Darboven – Six Books on 1968 – Los Angeles

Cutting room receipt March 14, 1969. Archive of the Hanne Darboven Foundation, Hamburg.

Hanne Darboven – Six Books on 1968 – Los Angeles

Hanne Darboven’s diary pages, 1969. Archive of the Hanne Darboven Foundation, Hamburg.

Hanne Darboven – Six Books on 1968 – Los Angeles

Hanne Darboven’s diary pages, 1969. Archive of the Hanne Darboven Foundation, Hamburg.

Hanne Darboven – Six Books on 1968 – Los Angeles

Box catalog of the Städtisches Museum Mönchengladbach, 1969 (detail showing different presentations of the year 1968). Archive Hanne Darboven Foundation, Hamburg

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Hanne Darboven – Six Books on 1968 – Los Angeles

Box catalog of the Städtisches Museum Mönchengladbach 1969 (detail). Archive of the Hanne Darboven Foundation, Hamburg.

Hanne Darboven – Six Books on 1968 – Los Angeles

Hanne Darboven during the premiere of her film Six books on 1968, Städtisches Museum Möchengladbach, 1969
Archive of the Hanne Darboven Foundation, Hamburg. Photo: Alfred Weber

Hanne Darboven – Six Books on 1968 – Los Angeles

Cutting room receipt March 14, 1969. Archive of the Hanne Darboven Foundation, Hamburg.

Hanne Darboven – Six Books on 1968 – Los Angeles

Hanne Darboven’s diary pages, 1969. Archive of the Hanne Darboven Foundation, Hamburg.

Hanne Darboven – Six Books on 1968 – Los Angeles

Hanne Darboven’s diary pages, 1969. Archive of the Hanne Darboven Foundation, Hamburg.

Hanne Darboven – Six Books on 1968 – Los Angeles

Box catalog of the Städtisches Museum Mönchengladbach, 1969 (detail showing different presentations of the year 1968). Archive Hanne Darboven Foundation, Hamburg

Hanne Darboven – Six Books on 1968 – Los Angeles
Hanne Darboven – Six Books on 1968 – Los Angeles

Box catalog of the Städtisches Museum Mönchengladbach, 1969 (detail showing different presentations of the year 1968). Archive Hanne Darboven Foundation, Hamburg

Box catalog of the Städtisches Museum Mönchengladbach, 1969 (detail showing different presentations of the year 1968). Archive Hanne Darboven Foundation, Hamburg

Hanne Darboven – Six Books on 1968 – Los Angeles
Hanne Darboven – Six Books on 1968 – Los Angeles

Box catalog of the Städtisches Museum Mönchengladbach, 1969 (detail showing different presentations of the year 1968). Archive Hanne Darboven Foundation, Hamburg

Box catalog of the Städtisches Museum Mönchengladbach, 1969 (detail showing different presentations of the year 1968). Archive Hanne Darboven Foundation, Hamburg

Hanne Darboven – Six Books on 1968 – Los Angeles
Hanne Darboven – Six Books on 1968 – Los Angeles

Box catalog of the Städtisches Museum Mönchengladbach, 1969 (detail showing different presentations of the year 1968). Archive Hanne Darboven Foundation, Hamburg

Box catalog of the Städtisches Museum Mönchengladbach, 1969 (detail showing different presentations of the year 1968). Archive Hanne Darboven Foundation, Hamburg

Hanne Darboven – Six Books on 1968 – Los Angeles
Hanne Darboven – Six Books on 1968 – Los Angeles

Box catalog of the Städtisches Museum Mönchengladbach, 1969 (detail showing different presentations of the year 1968). Archive Hanne Darboven Foundation, Hamburg

Box catalog of the Städtisches Museum Mönchengladbach, 1969 (detail showing different presentations of the year 1968). Archive Hanne Darboven Foundation, Hamburg

Hanne Darboven – Six Books on 1968 – Los Angeles
Hanne Darboven – Six Books on 1968 – Los Angeles

Box catalog of the Städtisches Museum Mönchengladbach, 1969 (detail showing different presentations of the year 1968). Archive Hanne Darboven Foundation, Hamburg

Box catalog of the Städtisches Museum Mönchengladbach, 1969 (detail showing different presentations of the year 1968). Archive Hanne Darboven Foundation, Hamburg

Hanne Darboven – Six Books on 1968 – Los Angeles
Hanne Darboven – Six Books on 1968 – Los Angeles

Box catalog of the Städtisches Museum Mönchengladbach, 1969 (detail showing different presentations of the year 1968). Archive Hanne Darboven Foundation, Hamburg

Box catalog of the Städtisches Museum Mönchengladbach, 1969 (detail showing different presentations of the year 1968). Archive Hanne Darboven Foundation, Hamburg

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With assistance from the German media artist Claus Böhmler, Darboven soon translated this project into film, producing the six-channel, cinematic rendering of Six Books on 1968 (1969) on view in this exhibition.

First realized for an exhibition at Städtisches Museum Mönchengladbach in 1969 (today Museum Abteiberg), the work utilizes six 16mm projectors, each of which display the consecutive pages of one of the six books, pulsing to a black screen between each page like the beat of a metronome or strobe light. Darboven's calculations flash momentarily before our eyes as we attempt to discern their logic and progression.

Yet the result is not merely a documentation of the books. Rather, Darboven devised additional computational systems in the move from paper to celluloid that repeat certain pages and determine new patterns of viewing. The overall experience of the project, moreover, is heightened sensorially through the darkened cinematic space and the whirring of the analog projectors. Since each film is slightly different in length (approximately fifteen minutes each), the synching of the six films changes continually. Each visitor's experience is therefore unique and specific to the moment in time in which they enter the space. This presentation of the film is the first in decades to bring it to life in its original 16mm format, rather than through digital projections.

 

Hanne Darboven – Six Books on 1968 – Los Angeles

All installation views: Robert Wedermeyer

 

“Numbers are the most neutral way of talking about things; no names, no objects, just the counting of numbers and the use of dates.” –Hanne Darboven

Hanne Darboven – Six Books on 1968 – Los Angeles

Hanne Darboven
Ein Jahrhundert.1b, 1971–74
Typewriter and ink on lined paper
100 sheets each 29.7 × 21 cm in 25 frames
100 sheets each 11 3/4 × 8 1/4 inches in 25 frames

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Hanne Darboven – Six Books on 1968 – Los Angeles

Hanne Darboven
Ein Jahrhundert.1b, 1971–74
Typewriter and ink on lined paper
100 sheets each 29.7 × 21 cm in 25 frames
100 sheets each 11 3/4 × 8 1/4 inches in 25 frames

Hanne Darboven
Ein Jahrhundert.1b, 1971–74
Typewriter and ink on lined paper
100 sheets each 29.7 × 21 cm in 25 frames
100 sheets each 11 3/4 × 8 1/4 inches in 25 frames

Hanne Darboven – Six Books on 1968 – Los Angeles
Hanne Darboven – Six Books on 1968 – Los Angeles

Hanne Darboven
Ein Jahrhundert.1b, 1971–74 (detail)

Hanne Darboven
Ein Jahrhundert.1b, 1971–74 (detail)

Hanne Darboven – Six Books on 1968 – Los Angeles
Hanne Darboven – Six Books on 1968 – Los Angeles

Hanne Darboven
Ein Jahrhundert.1b, 1971–74 (detail)

Hanne Darboven
Ein Jahrhundert.1b, 1971–74 (detail)

Hanne Darboven – Six Books on 1968 – Los Angeles
Hanne Darboven – Six Books on 1968 – Los Angeles

Hanne Darboven
Ein Jahrhundert.1b, 1971–74 (detail)

Hanne Darboven
Ein Jahrhundert.1b, 1971–74 (detail)

Hanne Darboven – Six Books on 1968 – Los Angeles
Hanne Darboven – Six Books on 1968 – Los Angeles

Hanne Darboven
Ein Jahrhundert.1b, 1971–74 (detail)

Hanne Darboven
Ein Jahrhundert.1b, 1971–74 (detail)

Hanne Darboven – Six Books on 1968 – Los Angeles
Hanne Darboven – Six Books on 1968 – Los Angeles

Hanne Darboven
Ein Jahrhundert.1b, 1971–74 (detail)

Hanne Darboven
Ein Jahrhundert.1b, 1971–74 (detail)

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In the 1970s, Darboven began to integrate other types of elements into her works and constructions, including texts by Goethe and Sartre, her own quotations and those of fellow artists, photographs, postcards and magazine covers, as well as three-dimensional objects.

 

Hanne Darboven – Six Books on 1968 – Los Angeles

Hanne Darboven
Erdkunde I, II, III / Geography I, II, III, 1986
Collage (photocopies, photographs), offset printing, felt-tip pen and pencil on paper
723 panels, each 70 × 50 cm
723 panels, each 27 5/8 × 19 3/4 inches
10 classroom maps with tripods

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Hanne Darboven – Six Books on 1968 – Los Angeles

Hanne Darboven
Erdkunde I, II, III / Geography I, II, III, 1986
Collage (photocopies, photographs), offset printing, felt-tip pen and pencil on paper
723 panels, each 70 × 50 cm
723 panels, each 27 5/8 × 19 3/4 inches
10 classroom maps with tripods

Hanne Darboven – Six Books on 1968 – Los Angeles
Hanne Darboven – Six Books on 1968 – Los Angeles

Hanne Darboven
Erdkunde I, II, III / Geography I, II, III, 1986 (detail)

Hanne Darboven
Erdkunde I, II, III / Geography I, II, III, 1986 (detail)

Hanne Darboven – Six Books on 1968 – Los Angeles
Hanne Darboven – Six Books on 1968 – Los Angeles

Hanne Darboven
Erdkunde I, II, III / Geography I, II, III, 1986 (detail)

Hanne Darboven
Erdkunde I, II, III / Geography I, II, III, 1986 (detail)

Hanne Darboven – Six Books on 1968 – Los Angeles
Hanne Darboven – Six Books on 1968 – Los Angeles

Hanne Darboven
Erdkunde I, II, III / Geography I, II, III, 1986 (detail)

Hanne Darboven
Erdkunde I, II, III / Geography I, II, III, 1986 (detail)

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Hanne Darboven – Six Books on 1968 – Los Angeles

Hanne Darboven
Bismarckzeit, 1978
Black ink and offset photography on tracing paper, one bronze figure (Bismarck)
917 sheets
41.7 × 29.5 cm
164 1/8 × 116 1/8 inches

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Hanne Darboven – Six Books on 1968 – Los Angeles

Hanne Darboven
Kalenderbuch 92 / Calendar book 92, 1992
101 panels; color photographs, red felt tip pen on cardboard
70 × 50 cm (each panel)
27 5/8 × 19 3/4 inches (each panel)

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Hanne Darboven – Six Books on 1968 – Los Angeles

Hanne Darboven
Ohne Titel/Untitled
Monate mit Postkarten (Juni)/Months with postcards (June)
, 1990
Collage, felt pen
1 panel with 32 post cards, 33 × 23 1/4 inches

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Hanne Darboven – Six Books on 1968 – Los Angeles

Hanne Darboven
Bismarckzeit, 1978
Black ink and offset photography on tracing paper, one bronze figure (Bismarck)
917 sheets
41.7 × 29.5 cm
164 1/8 × 116 1/8 inches

Hanne Darboven – Six Books on 1968 – Los Angeles
Hanne Darboven – Six Books on 1968 – Los Angeles

Hanne Darboven
Bismarckzeit, 1978 (detail)

Hanne Darboven
Bismarckzeit, 1978 (detail)

Hanne Darboven – Six Books on 1968 – Los Angeles
Hanne Darboven – Six Books on 1968 – Los Angeles

Hanne Darboven
Bismarckzeit, 1978 (detail)

Hanne Darboven
Bismarckzeit, 1978 (detail)

Hanne Darboven – Six Books on 1968 – Los Angeles
Hanne Darboven – Six Books on 1968 – Los Angeles

Hanne Darboven
Bismarckzeit, 1978 (detail)

Hanne Darboven
Bismarckzeit, 1978 (detail)

Hanne Darboven – Six Books on 1968 – Los Angeles

Hanne Darboven
Kalenderbuch 92 / Calendar book 92, 1992
101 panels; color photographs, red felt tip pen on cardboard
70 × 50 cm (each panel)
27 5/8 × 19 3/4 inches (each panel)

Hanne Darboven
Kalenderbuch 92 / Calendar book 92, 1992
101 panels; color photographs, red felt tip pen on cardboard
70 × 50 cm (each panel)
27 5/8 × 19 3/4 inches (each panel)

Hanne Darboven – Six Books on 1968 – Los Angeles
Hanne Darboven – Six Books on 1968 – Los Angeles

Hanne Darboven
Kalenderbuch 92, 1992 (detail)

Hanne Darboven
Kalenderbuch 92, 1992 (detail)

Hanne Darboven – Six Books on 1968 – Los Angeles
Hanne Darboven – Six Books on 1968 – Los Angeles

Hanne Darboven
Kalenderbuch 92, 1992 (detail)

Hanne Darboven
Kalenderbuch 92, 1992 (detail)

Hanne Darboven – Six Books on 1968 – Los Angeles
Hanne Darboven – Six Books on 1968 – Los Angeles

Hanne Darboven
Kalenderbuch 92, 1992 (detail)

Hanne Darboven
Kalenderbuch 92, 1992 (detail)

Hanne Darboven – Six Books on 1968 – Los Angeles
Hanne Darboven – Six Books on 1968 – Los Angeles

Hanne Darboven
Kalenderbuch 92, 1992 (detail)

Hanne Darboven
Kalenderbuch 92, 1992 (detail)

Hanne Darboven – Six Books on 1968 – Los Angeles
Hanne Darboven – Six Books on 1968 – Los Angeles

Hanne Darboven
Kalenderbuch 92, 1992 (detail)

Hanne Darboven
Kalenderbuch 92, 1992 (detail)

Hanne Darboven – Six Books on 1968 – Los Angeles
Hanne Darboven – Six Books on 1968 – Los Angeles

Hanne Darboven
Kalenderbuch 92, 1992 (installation view)

Hanne Darboven
Kalenderbuch 92, 1992 (installation view)

Hanne Darboven – Six Books on 1968 – Los Angeles

Hanne Darboven
Ohne Titel/Untitled
Monate mit Postkarten (Juni)/Months with postcards (June)
, 1990
Collage, felt pen
1 panel with 32 post cards, 33 × 23 1/4 inches

Hanne Darboven
Ohne Titel/Untitled
Monate mit Postkarten (Juni)/Months with postcards (June)
, 1990
Collage, felt pen
1 panel with 32 post cards, 33 × 23 1/4 inches

Hanne Darboven – Six Books on 1968 – Los Angeles
Hanne Darboven – Six Books on 1968 – Los Angeles

Hanne Darboven
Ohne Titel/Untitled
Monate mit Postkarten (Juni 1990)
, 1990 (detail)

Hanne Darboven
Ohne Titel/Untitled
Monate mit Postkarten (Juni 1990)
, 1990 (detail)

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“My systems are numerical concepts, which work in terms of progressions and/or reductions akin to musical themes with variations.” –Hanne Darboven

Six Books on 1968 bears witness to the origins that made the rest of this work possible, and it provides an experiential view into her investigations of time—in a form that is itself overtly time-based—to bring audiences closer to understanding her idiosyncratic, systematic and ultimately beautiful vision of the world.

 

Hanne Darboven – Six Books on 1968 – Los Angeles